🌍 The Relationship Between Earth and Mountains
A Scientific & Qur’anic Perspective

Introduction
Mountains are among the most powerful and majestic features of our planet. They shape landscapes, influence climate, and provide essential resources for life. In the Qur’an, Allah describes mountains as being placed on Earth to provide stability and balance. Modern science also confirms that mountains play a major role in maintaining geological and environmental balance.

This article explains:

• What mountains do for Earth
• Their geological importance
• Their environmental influence
• Qur’anic verses about mountains
• How humans can maintain Earth’s balance by respecting mountains

1. What Are Mountains, and How Do They Form?

Mountains are large natural elevations formed by powerful processes within the Earth, including:

1.1 Tectonic Plate Movements

Earth’s crust is broken into large plates that constantly move. When they collide or press together:

• Land folds upward
• Rocks rise
• Huge mountain ranges form
Example: The Himalayas formed when the Indian plate pushed into the Eurasian plate.

1.2 Volcanic Activity

Some mountains form when molten rock (magma) rises from beneath the Earth and builds up over time.
Example: Mount Fuji (Japan) or Mount Kilimanjaro (Africa).

1.3 Erosion and Uplift

Wind, water, and glaciers shape and reshape mountains, creating valleys, ridges, and peaks.

2. The Role of Mountains in Maintaining Earth’s Balance

Mountains are not just scenery — they are essential systems that help balance Earth in many ways.

2.1 Mountains Stabilize the Earth’s Crust (Scientific View)

Many mountains have deep “roots” extending down into the crust. These roots anchor the tectonic plates, prevent excessive shaking, and help stabilize the Earth’s outer surface.

﴾ وَالْجِبَالَ أَوْتَادًا ﴿
“And the mountains as pegs.”
— Qur’an 78:7

2.2 Mountains Regulate Climate

Mountains block winds, create rainfall on one side, form dry regions on the other, and cool temperatures. Because temperature drops as altitude increases, mountains store snow and glaciers, which act as freshwater reservoirs for the planet.

2.3 Mountains Provide Water

Most major rivers originate from mountain ranges. Melted snow flows into rivers, lakes, and streams — supporting millions of people and ecosystems.

2.4 Mountains Support Biodiversity

Different heights have different climates, allowing unique plants and animals to live there. Some species exist only in mountains.

3. Mountains in the Qur’an — Signs of Allah’s Power and Wisdom

﴾ وَأَلْقَىٰ فِي الْأَرْضِ رَوَاسِيَ أَن تَمِيدَ بِكُمْ ﴿
“And He placed firmly-set mountains on the earth so that it would not shake with you.”
— Qur’an 16:15
﴾ وَجَعَلْنَا فِيهَا رَوَاسِيَ شَامِخَاتٍ وَأَسْقَيْنَاكُم مَّاءً فُرَاتًا ﴿
“And We placed on it lofty, firmly-set mountains and gave you sweet water to drink.”
— Qur’an 77:27

4. How Do Mountains Help Keep Balance According to the Qur’an?

The Qur’an teaches that mountains stabilize the Earth’s crust, reduce severe shaking, distribute water resources, create climate systems, and serve as signs of Allah’s creation.

5. How Can Humans Help Maintain Earth’s Balance? (Islam + Science)

Mountains are strong, but human activity can damage them. To maintain Earth’s balance, we should protect mountain ecosystems, preserve water sources, avoid excessive construction, and follow the Qur’anic command:

﴾ وَلَا تُفْسِدُوا فِي الْأَرْضِ بَعْدَ إِصْلَاحِهَا ﴿
“Do not cause corruption on Earth after it has been set in order.”
— Qur’an 7:56

Conclusion

Mountains are essential for life on Earth — scientifically and spiritually. They stabilize the planet, influence climate, store water, and support ecosystems. The Qur’an beautifully describes mountains as stabilizers and signs of Allah’s wisdom, perfectly matching modern scientific understanding.

By respecting and protecting mountains, we preserve the balance Allah created on Earth.

Science Meets Revelation
Earth’s Divine Balance
Protect Allah’s Creation